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What is renewable energy? Renewable energy is energy from sources that naturally fill but limited flow. They almost never run out in duration but are limited in the amount of energy available per unit time. The main types of renewable energy sources are: Biomass - Wood and wood waste People have used wood for cooking, for heat, and for light for thousands of years. Wood was the main energy source for the world until the mid-1800s. Wood continues to be an important fuel in many countries, especially for cooking and heating in developing countries. Poplar hybrid wood chips are dismantled in Crookston, Minnesota Poplar hybrid wood chips are dismantled in Crookston, Minnesota Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, US Department of Energy (public domain) In 2017, around 2% of the total US annual energy consumption came from wood and wood waste - bark, sawdust, wood chips, wood waste, and paper mill waste. Using wood and wood waste Industry, electric power producers and commercial businesses use most of the wood waste and wood waste consumed in the United States. The wood and paper products industry uses wood waste to produce steam and electricity, which saves money because it reduces the amount of other fuels and electricity that must be purchased. Some power plants that use coal burn wood chips to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions. Wood is used in homes throughout the United States for heating as wood wires in fireplaces and wood burning equipment, and as pellets on pellet stoves. In 2017, wood energy accounts for around 2% of total residential energy consumption. In 2015, around 12.5 million US households, or 11% of all households, used wood as an energy source, especially for room heating, and 3.5 million households used wood as the main heating fuel. The amount (in trillion British thermal units) of the consumption of wood and wood waste energy in the United States by consuming the sector and its share (percent) of the total wood energy and wood waste consumption in 2017 is Industry - 1,480-69% Occupancy - 334-16% Electric power - 247—12% Commercial - 84-4% Energy from city waste The circle graph shows the percentage of the part of the main type of material in the City Waste Dung. Click to enlarge " Municipal solid waste (MSW), often called waste, is used to produce energy in waste-to-energy plants and in landfills in the United States. MSW contains biomass, or biogenic (plant or animal products), materials such as paper, cardboard, food scraps, grass, leaves, wood, and leather products nonbiomass combustible materials such as plastics and other synthetic materials made from petroleum non-flammable materials such as glass and metal The circle graph shows the percentage of parts of the main ways City Solid Waste is managed in the United States. Click to enlarge " In 2015, around 262 million tons of MSW were produced in the United States, among them 52.5% has been stockpiled 25.8% is recycled 12.8% was burned with energy recovery 8.9% is composted Waste-to-energy generation makes steam and electricity MSW is usually burned in a special waste-to-energy plant that uses heat from a fire to make steam to produce electricity or to heat a building. In 2016, 71 US power plants generated around 14 billion kilowatthours of electricity from burning about 30 million tons of flammable MSW. Biomass materials account for around 64% of the MSW's flammable weight and about 51% of the electricity produced. The rest of the combustible MSW is a nonbiomass combustible material, especially plastic. Many large landfills also generate electricity using methane gas produced from the decomposition of biomass in landfills. Waste-to-energy is a waste management option Generating electricity is only one reason to burn MSW. Garbage burning also reduces the amount of material that might be buried in the landfill. MSW burning reduces waste volume by around 87%. Collect and use biogas from landfills Landfill for municipal waste can be a source of energy. Anaerobic bacteria - bacteria that can live without the presence of free oxygen - live in landfills decompose organic waste to produce gas called biogas. Landfill biogas is 40% -60% methane. The remainder is mostly carbon dioxide (CO2) and a small amount of other gases. Methane is the same energy-rich compound - CH4 - found in natural gas, which we use to heat, cook, and produce electricity. Biogas with high methane content can be harmful to humans and the environment because methane is flammable. This is also a strong greenhouse gas. In the United States, per
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